CRYPTO/OR/NOT

Registry · coverage and methodology

What the classifier matches against

The registry lists crypto businesses and the names they use in bank payment text. Every name carries its source, the date it was checked, and a review status. A verdict is only as good as this list, so here is exactly what it holds.

127

crypto businesses (entities)

345

names that match payment text (observables)

10

business categories

86

distinct source websites

322

observables reviewed against their source

18

disputed: source no longer supports the value

5

unreviewed: source unreachable at review

v0.4.1

registry version, generated September 19, 2026

Computed from the registry snapshot the live classifier runs on. The same numbers are available from GET /api/v1/registry/summary.

Why legal names matter

Crypto brands rarely appear on a wire under their brand

Payment text carries the legal entity that holds the bank account. A keyword list of exchange brands misses these. Each pair below is a registry record with a public source.

In payment textBusinessCategorySource
ATM OPS INCBitstopKiosk operatormsb.fincen.gov
RED LEAF CHICAGO, LLCDigitalMintKiosk operatormsb.fincen.gov
ELECTRIC SOLIDUS, INC.Swan BitcoinBrokerswanbitcoin.com
FORIS DAX, INC.Crypto.com (US)Exchange, Brokercrypto.com
PAYWARD, INC.KrakenExchangekraken.com
LUX VENDING, LLCBitcoin DepotKiosk operatorbitcoindepot.com
GPD HOLDINGS, LLCCoinFlipKiosk operatorcoinflip.tech
ZAP SOLUTIONS, INC.StrikeBrokerdfs.ny.gov

Categories

What kinds of business it covers

An entity can sit in more than one category, so the counts add up to more than 127.

CategoryEntitiesDefinition
Exchange21Runs a trading venue where customers buy, sell, and hold crypto.
Broker31Buys and sells crypto for customers, often inside a wider app.
Custodian28Holds crypto assets for customers or institutions.
Kiosk operator26Operates crypto ATMs that take cash or cards.
OTC desk11Trades large blocks of crypto over the counter.
Payment processor14Settles fiat payments into or out of crypto.
Infrastructure15Provides ramps, settlement, or wallet services to other businesses.
Stablecoin issuer11Issues stablecoins and redeems them for fiat.
Miner12Mines crypto and sells the rewards for fiat.
Bank8Chartered bank or trust company with a digital asset line.

Sources

Where each name comes from

Every observable cites one public source. Regulators and filings come first. Company pages fill in trading names and subsidiaries.

SEC filings

2 sites

60 obs.

NYDFS

1 site

38 obs.

FinCEN

2 sites

40 obs.

OCC

1 site

20 obs.

Other federal (CFTC, Federal Reserve, courts)

3 sites

6 obs.

State regulators

4 sites

17 obs.

Non-US registers

4 sites

5 obs.

Press releases and court claims agents

4 sites

10 obs.

Company pages and terms

65 sites

149 obs.

What is refused

Three admission rules keep false positives out

A registry that flags ordinary payments wastes an analyst's day. The merge script enforces these rules, and the test suite checks them again.

  1. Rule 1

    Mixed businesses are refused

    Stripe, JPMorgan, Robinhood Securities, and SoFi Bank show up in crypto research, but their names carry huge ordinary payment volume. Where a crypto subsidiary is a real signal, only the subsidiary is registered: PayPal, Inc. is not in the registry, while PayPal Digital, Inc. is.

  2. Rule 2

    Ambiguous single words are capped

    Block, Strike, Abra, River, and Choice are real trading names that also appear in ordinary company names. They are review signals, not verdicts. In this registry the observable confidence of Strike is 0.55, Abra is 0.55, and Block, Inc. is 0.60, below the 0.92 auto-classify threshold.

  3. Rule 3

    Partner banks are never matched

    A bank that holds a crypto firm's money is stored as a banking relationship, never as a name to match. Uphold's entry lists Cross River Bank and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Coinme's entry lists Green Dot Corporation and Green Dot Bank. An analyst sees these facts. The matcher never learns them, or every wire through those banks would read as crypto.

How it grows

Public registers in, reviewed records out

  1. 1Capture a snapshot of a public register. Two sources are wired in today: the NYDFS list of virtual currency businesses and the FinCEN money services business registrant list.
  2. 2Parse it into candidate entities. Every candidate name carries its source URL, the capture date, and the method.
  3. 3Resolve candidates to existing registry entries, so a re-run adds names to a known business instead of creating a duplicate.
  4. 4Diff against the registry and admit the batch through the merge script, which enforces the three rules above.
  5. 5Review each observable against its source, then rebuild the labeled set and refit the calibration.

FinCEN finding

FinCEN registration is self-service. In the crypto slice of the registrant list captured on September 12, 2026, most entries are shells: a registrant that claims nearly every activity code at once is the tell.

398
crypto registrants in the slice
255
likely shells, quarantined
118
plausible, waiting for review
17
verified by a person and admitted

Only the human-verified allowlist enters the registry. Everything else stays in a review queue.

Limitations

What this registry does not do

  • Coverage is not complete. A no_match verdict means no entry matched. It does not mean the counterparty is unrelated to crypto.
  • It is US-centric. Every entity is recorded under jurisdiction US, weighted toward large on and off ramps.
  • Only names match today: legal names, trading names (DBA), and aliases. ACH company identifiers and descriptor patterns are planned observable types. The registry holds none yet, and the matcher does not use them.
  • 18 disputed observables still match. Each is queued for re-sourcing or correction, and the report shows the status on every match.
  • 12 entities are defunct, wound down, acquired, or bankrupt. They stay in the registry, and the list below marks their status.
  • Confidence is calibrated on synthetic descriptors, not labeled bank data. See the API reference for what that means.

Entities

All 127 entities

Grouped by category and sorted by name. Observables and sources are not listed here.

Show all entities A to Z
  • Abra Broker, OTC desk
  • Alpaca Crypto Broker
  • America's Bitcoin ATM Kiosk operator
  • Anchorage Digital Bank, Custodian, Stablecoin issuer
  • Athena Bitcoin Kiosk operator
  • B2C2 OTC desk
  • Bakkt Broker, Infrastructure
  • Banxa Payment processor
  • Bastion Stablecoin issuer, Custodian, Infrastructure
  • Binance.US Exchange
  • Bitcoin Depot Kiosk operator
  • Bitcoin of America Kiosk operator
  • BitcoinX ATM Kiosk operator
  • Bitdeer Miner
  • Bitfarms and Keel Infrastructure Miner
  • Bitfinex Exchange
  • bitFlyer USA Exchange
  • BitGo Custodian, Bank, Infrastructure
  • BitOoda Broker, OTC desk
  • Bitpanda Exchange, Broker
  • BitPay Payment processor
  • Bitstamp USA Exchange, Custodian
  • Bitstop Kiosk operator
  • Blockchain.com Exchange, Custodian
  • Brale Stablecoin issuer, Infrastructure
  • Bridge (Stripe) Stablecoin issuer, Infrastructure, Payment processor
  • Bull Bitcoin Broker, Exchange
  • Bullish US Exchange
  • Bybit Exchange
  • Byte Federal Kiosk operator
  • Cash App (Block) Broker
  • CEX.IO Exchange, Payment processor
  • Cipher (Cipher Mining) Miner
  • Circle Stablecoin issuer, Bank, Custodian
  • CleanSpark Miner
  • Coin Cafe Broker
  • Coin Cloud Kiosk operator
  • Coin Time Kiosk operator
  • Coinbase Exchange, Custodian, Broker
  • Coinbase Custody Custodian
  • CoinFlip Kiosk operator
  • Coinme Broker, Kiosk operator
  • CoinsToGo Kiosk operator
  • Copper Custodian, Infrastructure
  • Core Scientific Miner
  • Cottonwood Vending Kiosk operator
  • Crypto Dispensers Kiosk operator
  • Crypto.com (US) Exchange, Broker
  • Cumberland OTC desk
  • Custodia Bank Bank, Custodian
  • Digital Access (Cedar BTM) Kiosk operator
  • DigitalMint Kiosk operator
  • Erebor Bank
  • Etana Custody Custodian
  • eToro (US) Exchange, Broker
  • FalconX OTC desk
  • Fiant Broker
  • Fidelity Digital Assets Custodian, Bank
  • Fireblocks Custodian, Infrastructure
  • First Digital Stablecoin issuer, Custodian
  • Flow Traders OTC desk
  • Fortress Trust Custodian
  • Galaxy Digital OTC desk, Infrastructure
  • Gemini Exchange, Custodian, Stablecoin issuer
  • General Bytes Infrastructure
  • Genesis Coin Infrastructure
  • Genesis Global OTC desk
  • GMO-Z.com Trust Company Custodian
  • Greenidge and Vulcan Infrastructure Miner
  • GSR OTC desk
  • Hermes Bitcoin Kiosk operator
  • Hippo Bitcoin Kiosk operator
  • Hut 8 Miner
  • ICE Digital Trust Custodian
  • IREN (Iris Energy) Miner
  • Keyrock OTC desk
  • Komainu Custodian
  • Kraken Exchange
  • KuCoin Exchange
  • LibertyX Broker, Kiosk operator
  • Localcoin Kiosk operator
  • Longbridge Crypto Broker
  • LSGT Services (Coinhub, Cash2Bitcoin) Kiosk operator
  • MARA (Marathon Digital) Miner
  • Meld Payment processor
  • Mesh Payment processor, Infrastructure
  • Moomoo Crypto Broker
  • MoonPay Payment processor
  • National Bitcoin ATM (Westcliff) Kiosk operator
  • Neutral ATM (Crypto Stop) Kiosk operator
  • NYDIG Broker, Custodian, Infrastructure
  • Okcoin USA Exchange
  • Onramp Bitcoin Broker, Custodian
  • Onramper Payment processor
  • Paxos Stablecoin issuer, Custodian, Bank
  • PayPal and Venmo crypto Broker, Custodian
  • Pelicoin Kiosk operator
  • Prime Trust Custodian
  • Protego Bank, Custodian
  • Public.com Broker
  • Quantfury Crypto Broker
  • Ramp Network Payment processor
  • Riot Platforms Miner
  • Ripple Markets Exchange, Stablecoin issuer, Infrastructure
  • River Broker
  • Robinhood Crypto Broker
  • RocketFuel Blockchain Payment processor
  • RockItCoin Kiosk operator
  • Sardine Payment processor, Infrastructure
  • Siebert Crypto Broker
  • Simplex (Nuvei) Payment processor
  • Standard Custody and Trust Company Custodian, Stablecoin issuer
  • Strike Broker
  • Stronghold Digital Mining Miner
  • Swan Bitcoin Broker
  • TeraWulf Miner
  • Tether Stablecoin issuer
  • TradeStation Crypto Exchange, Broker
  • TradeUP Crypto Broker
  • Transak Payment processor
  • Uphold Exchange, Broker
  • Webull Pay Broker
  • Wintermute OTC desk
  • WisdomTree Digital Trust Company Custodian
  • Wise Wolf Bitcoin Kiosk operator, Broker
  • Zero Hash Infrastructure, Payment processor, Custodian
  • Zondacrypto Exchange

Exchange21

  • Binance.US
  • Bitfinex
  • bitFlyer USA
  • Bitpanda
  • Bitstamp USA
  • Blockchain.com
  • Bull Bitcoin
  • Bullish US
  • Bybit
  • CEX.IO
  • Coinbase
  • Crypto.com (US)
  • eToro (US)
  • Gemini
  • Kraken
  • KuCoin
  • Okcoin USA
  • Ripple Markets
  • TradeStation Crypto
  • Uphold
  • Zondacrypto

Broker31

  • Abra
  • Alpaca Crypto
  • Bakkt
  • BitOoda
  • Bitpanda
  • Bull Bitcoin
  • Cash App (Block)
  • Coin Cafe
  • Coinbase
  • Coinme
  • Crypto.com (US)
  • eToro (US)
  • Fiant
  • LibertyX
  • Longbridge Crypto
  • Moomoo Crypto
  • NYDIG
  • Onramp Bitcoin
  • PayPal and Venmo crypto
  • Public.com
  • Quantfury Crypto
  • River
  • Robinhood Crypto
  • Siebert Crypto
  • Strike
  • Swan Bitcoin
  • TradeStation Crypto
  • TradeUP Crypto
  • Uphold
  • Webull Pay
  • Wise Wolf Bitcoin

Custodian28

  • Anchorage Digital
  • Bastion
  • BitGo
  • Bitstamp USA
  • Blockchain.com
  • Circle
  • Coinbase
  • Coinbase Custody
  • Copper
  • Custodia Bank
  • Etana Custodydefunct
  • Fidelity Digital Assets
  • Fireblocks
  • First Digital
  • Fortress Trustdefunct
  • Gemini
  • GMO-Z.com Trust Company
  • ICE Digital Trust
  • Komainu
  • NYDIG
  • Onramp Bitcoin
  • Paxos
  • PayPal and Venmo crypto
  • Prime Trustdefunct
  • Protego
  • Standard Custody and Trust Company
  • WisdomTree Digital Trust Company
  • Zero Hash

Kiosk operator26

  • America's Bitcoin ATM
  • Athena Bitcoin
  • Bitcoin Depotbankrupt
  • Bitcoin of Americadefunct
  • BitcoinX ATM
  • Bitstop
  • Byte Federal
  • Coin Clouddefunct
  • Coin Time
  • CoinFlip
  • Coinme
  • CoinsToGo
  • Cottonwood Vending
  • Crypto Dispensers
  • Digital Access (Cedar BTM)
  • DigitalMint
  • Hermes Bitcoinwound down
  • Hippo Bitcoin
  • LibertyX
  • Localcoin
  • LSGT Services (Coinhub, Cash2Bitcoin)
  • National Bitcoin ATM (Westcliff)acquired
  • Neutral ATM (Crypto Stop)
  • Pelicoin
  • RockItCoin
  • Wise Wolf Bitcoin

OTC desk11

  • Abra
  • B2C2
  • BitOoda
  • Cumberland
  • FalconX
  • Flow Traders
  • Galaxy Digital
  • Genesis Globalwound down
  • GSR
  • Keyrock
  • Wintermute

Payment processor14

  • Banxaacquired
  • BitPay
  • Bridge (Stripe)
  • CEX.IO
  • Meld
  • Mesh
  • MoonPay
  • Onramper
  • Ramp Network
  • RocketFuel Blockchain
  • Sardine
  • Simplex (Nuvei)
  • Transak
  • Zero Hash

Infrastructure15

  • Bakkt
  • Bastion
  • BitGo
  • Brale
  • Bridge (Stripe)
  • Copper
  • Fireblocks
  • Galaxy Digital
  • General Bytes
  • Genesis Coinwound down
  • Mesh
  • NYDIG
  • Ripple Markets
  • Sardine
  • Zero Hash

Stablecoin issuer11

  • Anchorage Digital
  • Bastion
  • Brale
  • Bridge (Stripe)
  • Circle
  • First Digital
  • Gemini
  • Paxos
  • Ripple Markets
  • Standard Custody and Trust Company
  • Tether

Miner12

  • Bitdeer
  • Bitfarms and Keel Infrastructure
  • Cipher (Cipher Mining)
  • CleanSpark
  • Core Scientific
  • Greenidge and Vulcan Infrastructure
  • Hut 8
  • IREN (Iris Energy)
  • MARA (Marathon Digital)
  • Riot Platforms
  • Stronghold Digital Miningacquired
  • TeraWulf

Bank8

  • Anchorage Digital
  • BitGo
  • Circle
  • Custodia Bank
  • Erebor
  • Fidelity Digital Assets
  • Paxos
  • Protego